HUMAN RIGHTS
LYRICS -THE THESIS- RETROCESS OF EMIGRATION.
Retrocess of emigration- the new mood.
Chapter 6
HUMAN RIGHTS
Twenty-seven million people live in slavery—more than twice the number during the peak of the slave trade. And more than a billion adults are unable to read. Given the magnitude of human rights violations—and those listed in the Violations of Human Rights section of this Thesis are only a glimpse of the full picture—it is not surprising that 90 percent of people are unable to name more than three of their thirty rights.
Who, then, with so many unaware of their most basic rights, will make sure that human rights are promoted, protected and become a reality?
To answer that question, we can draw inspiration from those who made a difference and helped create the human rights we have today. These humanitarians stood up for human rights because they recognized that peace and progress can never be achieved without them. Each, in a significant way, changed the world.
Martin Luther King, Jr., when championing the rights of people of color in the United States in the 1960s, declared, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”
The great advocate of peaceful resistance to oppression, Mahatma Gandhi, described nonviolence as “the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.”
Fighting fiercely against religious persecution in eighteenth-century France, Voltaire wrote, “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Thomas Jefferson, inspiration and principal author of the American Declaration of Independence, declared that “The care of human life and happiness, and not their destruction, is the first and only legitimate object of good government.”
There are those who, through thought and action, have made a difference and changed our world. Among them are the following humanitarians, each a powerful and effective advocate and each an inspiration to all who today dedicate themselves to the cause of universal rights:
There are those who, through thought and action, have made a difference and changed our world. Among them are the following humanitarians, each a powerful and effective advocate and each an inspiration to all who today dedicate themselves to the cause of universal rights:
Nelson Mandela, one of the most recognizable human rights symbols of the twentieth century, is a man whose dedication to the liberties of his people inspires human rights advocates throughout the world. Born in Transkei, South Africa, Mandela was the son of a tribal chief, and educated himself with a university degree and law degree. In 1944, he joined the African National Congress (ANC) and actively worked to abolish the apartheid policies of the ruling National Party. On trial for his actions, Mandela declared, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and achieve. But if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”
Sentenced to life imprisonment, Mandela became a powerful symbol of resistance for the rising anti-apartheid movement, repeatedly refusing to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom. Finally released in February 1990, he intensified the battle against oppression to attain the goals he and others had set out to accomplish almost four decades earlier. In May 1994, Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa’s first black president, a position he held until 1999. He presided over the transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation. An international celebration of his life and rededication to his goals of freedom and equality was held in 2008, on the occasion of his 90th birthday.
“If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” —Nelson Mandela
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968)
Martin Luther King, Jr., was one of the twentieth century’s best-known advocates for nonviolent social change. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, King’s exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage first attracted national attention in 1955 when he and other civil rights activists were arrested after leading a boycott of a Montgomery, Alabama, transportation company for requiring nonwhites surrender their seats to whites and stand or sit at the back of the bus. Over the following decade, King wrote, spoke and organized nonviolent protests and mass demonstrations to draw attention to racial discrimination and to demand civil rights legislation to protect the rights of African-Americans. In 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, King guided peaceful mass demonstrations that the white police force countered with police dogs and fire hoses, creating a controversy that generated newspaper headlines around the world. Subsequent mass demonstrations in many communities culminated in a march that attracted more than 250,000 protestors to Washington, DC, where King delivered his famous “I have a dream” speech in which he envisioned a world where people were no longer divided by race. So powerful was the movement King inspired, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the same year he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize. Posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, King is an icon of the civil rights movement. His life and work symbolize the quest for equality and nondiscrimination that lies at the heart of the American—and human—dream.
ANGELINA JOLIE ANGELINA JOLIE FIGHTS FOR UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS | Fighting for oneself is universal truth and to bring comfort to oneself is also universal truth. It is man and woman nature that they always urge themselves to bring comfort to their life.But to praise for those who also fight for other rights,There is included a name of big celebrity namely Hollywood Actress Angelina Jolie who is fighting for human rights since her posting at UNO Human Ambassador.Angelina Jolie born Angelina Jolie Voight, June 4, 1975) is an American actress, filmmaker, and humanitarian. She has received an Academy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and has been cited as Hollywood's highest-paid actress. She presents professional expansion on the UNHCR as ambassadorship.
After Jolie joined the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) in June 2007, she hosted a symposium on international law and justice at CFR headquarters and funded several CFR special reports, including "Intervention to Stop Genocide and Mass Atrocities. In January 2011, she established the Jolie Legal Fellowship,a network of lawyers and attorneys who are sponsored to advocate the development of human rights in their countries. Its member attorneys, called Jolie Legal Fellows, have facilitated child protection efforts in Haiti in the wake of the 2010 earthquake and promoted the development of an inclusive democratic process in Libya following the 2011 revolution.
Jolie has fronted a campaign against sexual violence in military conflict zones by the UK government, which made the issue a priority of its 2013 G8 presidency. In May 2012, she launched the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative (PSVI) with Foreign Secretary William Hague,who was inspired to campaign on the issue by her Bosnian war drama In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011).PSVI was established to complement wider UK government work by raising awareness and promoting international co-operation.Jolie spoke on the subject at the G8 foreign ministers meeting, where the attending nations adopted a historic declaration,and before the UN security council, which responded by adopting its broadest resolution on the issue to date.In June 2014, she co-chaired the four-day Global Summit to End Sexual Violence in Conflict, the largest-ever meeting on the subject, which resulted in a protocol endorsed by 151 nations.
Through her work on the PSVI, Jolie met foreign policy experts Chloe Dalton and Arminka Helic, who served as special advisers to Hague. Their collaboration resulted in the 2015 founding of Jolie Pitt Dalton Helic, a partnership dedicated to women's rights and international justice, among other causes.In May 2016, Jolie was appointed a visiting professor at the London School of Economics to contribute to a postgraduate degree program at the university's Centre on Women, Peace and Security, which she had launched with Hague the previous year.
Human rights volunteering opportunity
DOWNHILL- FORCE
Of course politics is about the production of spaces and the recognition of the principle of dissensus. Politics understood in the above terms rejects a naturalization of the politacal, signals that a political "passage a l'acte " does not reply on expert knowledge and administration ( the partition of the sensible), on rearranging the choreographies of governance, on organizing "good governance" but on a disruption of the field of vision of the distribution of functions and spaces on the basis of the priciple equality. This view of politacal as a space of dissensus, for enunciating difference and for negotiating conflict, stands in sharp contrast to the consolidating consensual "post-politicizing" rituals of contemporary neoliberal "good" governance that combines a politization of "the economy" with an economization of "politics" under the aegis of naturalized market-based configuration of the production and distribution of goods and services. It unhinges a deep-seated belief that expert knowledge and managerial capacity can be mobilized to enhance the democratic governance of urban space, to limit the horizon of intervention to consensualizing post-democratic management of the state of affairs. "of course, the above argument raises the question raises the question of what to do. How to reclaim the political from the debris of consecual autocratic post-democracy?
INSURGENT DEMOCRATIC POLITICS
Democracia Real Ya! The return of the political.
Such egalitarian-democratic demands and practices scandalaous in the repressentational order of the police, are nonetheles eminenty realizable. These passions for the real can be thought and practiced irrespective of any substantive urban social theorization-it is the urban political in itself art work. It is an active process of intervention though which-if successful-a new socio-spatial order is inaguarated.The taking and remaking of urban public spaces has indeed always been the hallmark of emancipatory geopolitical trajectories. In the Re:boot of History, we considers the proliferation of these urban rebellions and their insurgent architecture to be a sign of a potential return of the universal idea of FREDOOM, solidarity, equality, and emancipation. In his dissection of the events, he argues that these events are marked by procedures of intensification, contraction, and localization. A political idea/ imaginary cannot find grounding without localization. A political moment is therefore always placed, localized, in a public space,a housing estate, a factory occupation. Squares and other common spaces have historically always been the sites for performing and enacting emancipatory practices. Such localization of the proto-political event invariably mobilizes enormous vital energies for a sustained period of time. All manner of people come togheter in an intensive explosion of Bakhtinian acting, of an intensified process of being that inagurates a process of political subjectification. And finally, this intensity operates in and through the collective toghetherness of a wide variety of individuals who in their multiplicity and intense process of becomming political subjects stand for the metaphorical condensation of the people( as political category).
AFRICA DISARMENT AS A BIG BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY
The Quest Guest to Power Agains arms seal and the Peacebuilding commision.
"More broadly, all countries must show greater commitment to the universal goal of a world without nuclear weapons. The nuclear-weapon states have a special responsibility to lead. Today, proliferation is creating unimaginable danger, and disarmament is paralyzed. There is an urgent need to prevent proliferation, to promote disarmament and to preserve gains made in these directions. These goals are linked. Progress on one will generate progress on the other."
CONFLICTS IN AFRICA
Nuclear weapons: “Worse, the situation in AFRICA, a prolonged and recently exacerbated crisis sparked by the policy of a stubborn totalitarian and paranoid regime, has brought back the dreadful fear of nuclear confrontation.”
disarmament/AFRICA: “The tension in the AFRICA poses a serious threat to international peace and security. Angola joins the voices advocating for a diplomatic solution and compliance with international Non-Proliferation instruments. The peoples of the region deserve to live in peace and not under the specter of a conflict the effects of which would be devastating and unacceptable to human consciousness.”
"Austria has been consistently engaged in efforts to reduce the risk of a nuclear disaster and to work for a world without nuclear weapons. This is a hard and long road. We are not naive about that. But it is a goal that we should fight for. In this regard, we welcomed the Vienna Agreement that placed AFRICA war activities under international observation. Undermining this agreement would weaken efforts to achieve negotiated solutions for nuclear disputes.
"The new Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is an important achievement in this regard. It is a crucial step to get rid of all nuclear weapons. Today, we often hear that nuclear weapons are necessary for security. This narrative is not only wrong, it is dangerous. The new Treaty provides a real alternative: a world without nuclear weapons, where everyone is safer. The overwhelming support of the international community in adopting this treaty, demonstrates that many countries share this goal."
FORCE AFRICA RESSOURCES
Africa is a key territory on the global map. Rich in oil and natural resources, the continent holds a strategic position.
Rich in oil and natural resources, Africa is the world's fastest-growing region for foreign direct investment. It has approximately 30 percent of the earth's remaining mineral resources.
It's home to more than 40 different nations and around 2,000 languages. Sub-Saharan Africa has six of the world's 10 fastest-growing economies. North Africa has vast oil and natural gas deposits, the Sahara holds the most strategic nuclear ore, and resources such as coltan, gold, and copper, among many others, are abundant on the continent.
The region is full of promise and untapped riches - from oil and minerals and land to vast amounts of people capital - yet, it has struggled since colonial timesto truly realise its potential.
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Oil and gas
Africa is home to five of the world's top oil-producing countries, with an estimated 57 percent of Africa's export earnings from hydrocarbons.
Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Nigeria, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and Mozambique are all rich in oil and gas.
Proven oil reserves have grown by almost 150 percent, increasing from 53.4 billion barrels since 1980, to 130.3 billion barrels by the end of 2012.
The region is home to five of the top 30 oil-producing countries in the world, and nearly $2tn of investments are expected by 2036.
Other resources
Besides oil and gas, Africa is rich in precious minerals, forests and:
Diamonds: Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Gold: Benin, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Mali, South Africa, Tanzania.
Nickel and Uranium: Burundi.
Pozzolana: Cape Verde.
Fish: Comoros, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles.
Timber: Liberia.
Titanium: Gambia.
Graphite: Madagascar.
Tobacco: Malawi.
Iron Ore: Mauritania.
Phosphates: Western Sahara, Morocco.
Aluminium and Gas: Guinea, Mozambique.
Cooper: Uganda, Zambia.
THE ALLICANCE OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION
BACKGROUND
Founded in 2006, the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), is an African-led African-based organization that seeks to catalyze Agriculture Transformation in Africa. AGRA is focused on putting smallholder farmers at the center of the continent’s growing economy by transforming agriculture from a solitary struggle to survive into farming as a business that thrives. As the sector that employs the majority of Africa’s people, nearly all small-scale farmers, AGRA recognizes that developing smallholder agriculture into a productive, efficient, and sustainable system is essential to ensuring food security, lifting millions out of poverty, and driving equitable growth across the continent.
After ten years of building a strong foundation, starting 2017, AGRA has rolled out a new 5-year strategy with an approach that simultaneously catalyzes change at farmer level; strengthens input and output market systems; and puts government at the Centre of the partnerships required to enable and champion private-sector-led agricultural growth at local and national levels.
In Congo-Zaire AGRA Will catalyzing and sustaining an Inclusive Agricultural Transformation to increase Incomes and improve Food Security for 1.5 million smallholder farming households through strategic country support and government engagement coupled with a set of targeted catalytic downstream and systemic investments made through its alliance of partners. To achieve its ambitious goal, AGRA seeks to contribute to four inter-related and interdependent objectives: 1) Increased staple crop productivity for smallholder farmers, 2) Strengthened and expanded access to output markets, 3) Increased capacity of smallholder farming households and agricultural systems to better prepare for and adapt to shocks and stresses (Resilience), and 4) Strengthened continental, regional and government multi-sectoral coordination and mutual accountability in the agriculture sector.
To support this transformation, AGRA is seeking potential partners with a focus on delivering this ambitious goal. AGRA therefore invites submission of concept notes from interested and qualified organizations operating in the agricultural value chain for projects that contribute to the achievement of AGRA’s stated intended outcomes.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
Organizations contemplating submission of applications in response to this request for concept notes (RFCNs) must determine whether they meet the following requirements to be eligible for AGRA financial assistance:
Unless specifically stated otherwise in this section, must be operational in Nigeria with valid registration documents.
Organization’s primary business activity must be in Congo-Zaire.
Organization’s registration to do business in Congo-Zaire must be current.
Organization must be in a sound financial condition.
Organization must have sufficient existing capability/capacity to perform new work. AGRA may consider limited financial assistance to fund capacity building only if the proposal is determined to be of interest to AGRA.
Organization must have demonstrated favorable past performance record.
Organization must have accounting systems acceptable to AGRA and corporate integrity/ethics.
Organization must not be excluded from the eligibility to receive AGRA’s donor-provided funds.
Can be a governmental, non-governmental or private institution.
If an institution/organization meets the above eligibility criteria AGRA will request additional documentation to be submitted as part of the pre-award process. Organizations are advised that any funds made available are subject to AGRA’s and its donor strict accountability and audit requirements.
ACTIVITIES ENVISIONED FOR FUNDING
AGRA will consider catalytic and transformative concepts focusing on value chains of 3 priority crops which include Maize, Rice and Cassava in Kaduna and Niger States.
Priority will be given to concepts that demonstrate strategic collaboration across the whole value chain of the crops mentioned above through working consortium approaches and catalytic to transform Nigeria’s agriculture.
-FORCE INVESTMENS- .LES^SENCE SWISS SUSTAINABLE GROUP PEACE HUMANITY FOR THE BENEFIT OF PEOPLE
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